What is laryngeal cancer?

Last medical review:

Laryngeal cancer is a type of throat cancer that starts in the cells of the larynx (also called the voice box). A cancerous (malignant) tumour is a group of cancer cells that can grow into nearby tissue and destroy it. It can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.

Cells in the larynx sometimes change and no longer grow or behave normally. These changes may lead to non-cancerous (benign) conditions such as laryngitis and vocal cord nodules. They can also lead to non-cancerous tumours such as papillomas.

Changes to cells of the larynx can also cause precancerous conditions. This means that the abnormal cells are not yet cancer, but there is a chance that they will become cancer if they arenʼt treated. The most common precancerous condition of the larynx is dysplasia.

But, in some cases, changes to larynx cells can cause laryngeal cancer. Most often, laryngeal cancer starts in thin, flat cells called squamous cells. These cells cover the inner lining of the larynx (called the epithelium). This type of laryngeal cancer is called squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). SCC can develop anywhere in the larynx, but the most common area is the middle of the larynx (called the glottis), which contains the vocal cords.

Rare types of laryngeal cancer can also develop. These include lymphomas, plasmacytomas and sarcomas.

Expert review and references

  • Harold Lau, MD, FRCPC

The larynx

Laryngeal cancer starts in the larynx (also called the voice box). The larynx is in the neck and is part of the respiratory system. It helps you breathe, swallow and speak.

Cancerous tumours of the larynx

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of laryngeal tumour. There are also rare types of laryngeal tumours, such as plasmacytomas, lymphomas and sarcomas.

Precancerous conditions of the larynx

Precancerous conditions of the larynx are changes to cells that make them more likely to develop into cancer. The most common precancerous condition of the larynx is dysplasia.

Non-cancerous tumours and conditions of the larynx

Papillomas are the most common non-cancerous laryngeal tumour. Laryngitis is the most common non-cancerous condition of the larynx.

Your trusted source for accurate cancer information

With support from readers like you, we can continue to provide the highest quality cancer information for over 100 types of cancer.

We’re here to ensure easy access to accurate cancer information for you and the millions of people who visit this website every year. But we can’t do it alone.

Every donation helps fund reliable cancer information, compassionate support services and the most promising research. Please give today because every contribution counts. Thank you.

Medical disclaimer

The information that the Canadian Cancer Society provides does not replace your relationship with your doctor. The information is for your general use, so be sure to talk to a qualified healthcare professional before making medical decisions or if you have questions about your health.

We do our best to make sure that the information we provide is accurate and reliable but cannot guarantee that it is error-free or complete.

The Canadian Cancer Society is not responsible for the quality of the information or services provided by other organizations and mentioned on cancer.ca, nor do we endorse any service, product, treatment or therapy.


1-888-939-3333 | cancer.ca | © 2026 Canadian Cancer Society