Gestational trophoblastic disease
What is gestational trophoblastic disease?
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) starts in the cells that normally form the placenta. It is usually non-cancerous. Cancerous GTD is also called gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).
Risk factors for gestational trophoblastic disease
Risk factors for gestational trophoblastic disease include maternal age, previous molar pregnancy and history of miscarriage. Learn about GTD risk.
Symptoms of gestational trophoblastic disease
Common signs and symptoms of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) include vaginal bleeding, an enlarged uterus and pain or swelling of the abdomen.
Diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) can be diagnosed or ruled out by tests such as ultrasound, tumour marker tests and blood tests.
Stages of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD)
Cancerous gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is also called gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). It is given a stage to describe how much cancer is in the body. The most common staging system for cancerous GTD is the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) system.
If gestational trophoblastic disease spreads
Cancerous gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is also called gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Cancerous GTD can spread (metastasize) to the muscle wall of the uterus, vagina, pelvis, colon or small intestine.
Prognosis and survival for gestational trophoblastic disease
Cancerous gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is also called gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). The prognosis (or outcome) for cancerous GTD depends on many factors, including age, number of months since last pregnancy and hCG levels.
Treatments for gestational trophoblastic disease
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is often treated with surgery. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy may also be used to treat cancerous GTD (also called gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, or GTN).
Supportive care for gestational trophoblastic disease
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