Risks for gestational trophoblastic disease
Some things can affect your risk, or chance, of developing cancer. Certain behaviours, substances or conditions can increase or decrease the risk. Most cancers are the result of many risks. But sometimes cancer develops in people who don't have any risks.
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) rates are higher in certain countries and ethnic groups. Parts of Asia, South America and Africa have higher rates of GTD than Canada, the United States and Europe. In Canada, Inuit have higher rates of GTD compared to other ethnic groups.
Women 40 years of age and older who have been pregnant have a high risk of GTD. Women younger than 20 who have been pregnant are also at an increased risk of GTD.
A previous hydatidiform mole (also called a molar pregnancy) is the main risk for a cancerous (malignant) type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). This risk can’t be changed. Until we learn more about hydatidiform moles, there are no specific ways you can lower your risk for gestational trophoblastic disease.
Previous hydatidiform mole
A hydatidiform mole is a tumour that starts in the layer of the uterus (womb) that normally develops into the placenta during pregnancy. It’s the most common type of non-cancerous (benign) GTD. Women who have had a hydatidiform mole have a higher risk of developing a second one. Your risk increases if you have had 2 or more hydatidiform moles.
Women who have had a hydatidiform mole also have a higher risk of developing a cancerous type of GTD, called gestational choriocarcinoma.
Possible risk factors
Having type A or AB blood has been linked with an increased risk of GTD, but more research is needed to know for sure that this is a risk.
Understanding your cancer risk
To make the decisions that are right for you, ask your doctor questions about risks. Learn how cancer can be prevented and what you can do to reduce your risk.
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